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We have another stab at explaining things European in
The European Commission, set up by the treaty of Rome which established the European Economic Community, is at the heart of the EU. It functions partly as Europe's civil service although its members are often politicians and a majority vote is formally needed for all decisions. It usually has to propose legislation before the European Parliament or the Council of Ministers can act.
How many Commissioners are there?
20 including the President.
How are they chosen?
France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the U.K. each appoint 2, the other 10 member states appoint 1 each. The President is chosen by the Heads of Government meeting in the Council of Ministers after consulting the European Parliament.
What are its main duties?
The Commission is responsible for upholding the treaties between the member states e,g, Rome, Maastricht, and punishing infringements. It must also initiate legislation to carry out EU policy. This can take the form of regulations (directly applied), directives (member states must pass laws to enact them in each country), decisions (on individual cases), recommendations and opinions.
How about the money?
The Commission is responsible for administering EU funds (currently about €82 billion or £61 billion). Over half of this is spent on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
Can they be sacked?
As we know from recent events the European Parliament can pass a vote of censure which requires the whole Commission to resign.
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